Dance Therapy Association of Australia

The role of participatory arts in social change in Timor-Leste

PhD thesis , School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University
Date submitted: 2013
Author / Researcher:  Kim Dunphy

Abstract:
Participatory arts initiatives are increasingly utilised as tools for social change in international development contexts. However, theories of change for these interventions are often poorly articulated, making planning processes less effective and reducing their suitability for evaluation. At the same time, formal evaluation processes that provide a full assessment of outcomes are infrequently undertaken. This research responds to this situation by presenting and trialling three new models for participatory arts initiatives: two theory of change models to support planning and a holistic approach to evaluation.

Five participatory arts initiatives provide case studies to which the models are applied, facilitating both examination of the usefulness of the models and the effectiveness of the initiatives. These case studies are all based in the half-island nation of Timor-Leste, an emerging democracy that faces many challenges after centuries of colonial oppression. The research demonstrates that the models can contribute to evidence-based planning approaches and effective evaluation. The theory of change models applied to the case studies indicate potential for improved planning processes of participatory arts initiatives, by facilitating alignment of organisational values, goals, intended outcomes and activities, and enabling evaluation against desired goals. The holistic evaluation model provides a viable solution to the conundrum of the purported intangible nature of the arts and its impacts, as well as calls from the human progress movement for consideration of outcomes beyond economic and social.

In applying the evaluation model to the case studies, it is apparent that these participatory arts initiatives offer significant positive outcomes for program participants, particularly in the dimensions of social, cultural, and personal well-being. Skill development and engagement with new ideas that lead to new opportunities and realisation of potential were the most significant benefits for individuals. Direct and indirect positive outcomes on the wider community and broader society were also evident, including reduced family and community disharmony and increased positive engagement with the wider world. One recurring challenge for case study organisations was the issue of appropriate leadership models that are empowering and affirming for Timorese leaders while still providing effective support and skills transfer. Factors in achievement of successful project outcomes included the use of creative participatory processes, direction by skilled leaders and modelling of inclusive and respectful relationships. Additional benefits were obtained in programs that gave credence to Timorese culture while also introducing new ideas and possibilities.

Full text available at: http://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30063025

Thesis in hard copy held at University of Melbourne library (not for loan)